golang
文章目录
安装
build from source
yum -y install make automake gcc gcc-c++ wget;
wget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.4.3.src.tar.gz
tar -zxf go1.4.3.src.tar.gz;
cd /data/go1.4/go/src;
./all.bash;
wget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.10.3.src.tar.gz
tar -zxf go1.10.3.src.tar.gz
cd /data/go/src
export GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP=/data/go1.4/go
./all.bash;
官方的binary
wget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.11.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz
设置环境变量
export GOROOT=/data/sdk/go
export GOPATH=/data/sdk/gopath
export PATH=$PATH:/data/sdk/go/bin:/data/sdk/gopath/bin
go version
语言
main函数
package main
import (
"fmt"
)
func main() {
//coding
fmt.Println("helloworld")
}
Import包
//相对路径
import "./model"
//绝对路径
import "shorturl/model"
//.操作（省略前缀的包名）
import(
. "fmt"
)
////fmt.Println("我爱北京天安门") ---> Println("我爱北京天安门")
//_操作
import (
"database/sql"
_ "github.com/ziutek/mymysql/godrv"
)
////仅执行该包的 init() 方法
//别名操作
import(
f "fmt"
)
////fmt.Println("我爱北京天安门") ---> f.Println("我爱北京天安门")
变量操作
//声明
var x, y int
var (
a int
b bool
)
//赋值
var a = "你好"
var b string = "测试哦"
var c bool
d := "hello"
//值类型和引用类型
var int a = 2;
var int *b;//定义一个整形指针
b = &a;//给指针赋值，使指针指向a的地址
结构体和接口
//结构体
type Service struct {
//定义成员属性
}
//结构体继承（组合实现）
type Service2 struct{
Service
}
//结构体方法（声明receiver）
//receiver可以是指针也可是值
//指针接收者，(p *Service) 为 指针接收者
func (p *Service) sayHi(req string) (res string,e error){
return "hi " + req +" !" ,nil;
}
//值接收者，(p Service) 为 值接收者
func (p Service) sayHi(req string) (res string,e error){
return "hi " + req +" !" ,nil;
}
//结构体方法重载
//不允许同名方法，支持方法不定参数。没有构造函数。
//接口
type Ser interface{
//定义成员函数
}
//实例化结构体
x := &Service{}
y := new(Service)
var z = Service{}
//使用别名为none-local类型增加新方法
type myInt int
func(a myInt) add(b myInt) myInt {
return a + b;
}
j :=myInt(5);
k :=myInt(6);
sum :=j.add(k);
fmt.Println("Sum is",sum);
//type
//定义结构体
type Pojo struct{}
//定义接口
type MyInterface interface{}
//定义类型等价（类型重命名）
type myInt int
//定义函数类型
type handler func(name string) int
Array、Map和List
//Array（定长数组）
ary := [5]int{7, 77, 88, 13, 14}
//Slice（不定长数组）
m := make([]int, 0) //初始长度为0
m = append(m, 5) //增加一个
var n []int = []int{1, 2, 3, 4}
//Map（键值对）
//初始化字典
colors := map[string]string{
"AliceBlue": "#f0f8ff",
"Coral": "#ff7F50",
"DarkGray": "#a9a9a9",
"ForestGreen": "#228b22",
}
// 修改字典和添加字典
colors["newKey"] = "newValue"
if _, ok := colors["Coral"]; ok {
fmt.Println("存在Coral")
}
//根据key删除
delete(colors, "Coral")
if _, ok := colors["Coral"]; !ok {
fmt.Println("不存在Coral")
}
//遍历字典
for key, value := range colors {
fmt.Printf("Key: %s Value: %s\n", key, value)
}
//list(链表)
l := list.New()
for _, value := range colors {
l.PushBack(value)
}
for e := l.Front(); e != nil; e = e.Next() {
fmt.Printf("Value: %s\n", e.Value)
}
类型转换
i, _ := strconv.Atoi("255") //string to int;
str := strconv.Itoa(255) //int to string
vec := []byte("你好")
str1 := "你好"
str1P := &str1
str2 := *str1P
fmt.Println(i)
fmt.Println(str)
fmt.Println(string(vec))
fmt.Println(str1)
fmt.Println(str1P)
fmt.Println(str2)
fmt.Println(unsafe.Pointer(str1P))
goroutine和channel
process、thread
Process Identifier，即PID
fork函数、子进程
创建开销
coroutine、subroutine
工程
包依赖
go get 参数说明：
-d 只下载不安装
-f 当传了-u参数有效，强制get -u不去验证包has been checked out，This can be useful if the source is a local fork of the original.
-fix 在获取源码之后先运行fix，然后再去做其他的事情
-t 同时也下载需要为运行测试所需要的包
-u 强制使用网络去更新包和它的依赖包
-v enables verbose progress and debug output.
export http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:8118
export https_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:8118
go get -u -v golang.org/x/tools/cmd/guru
go get -u -v golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gorename
go get -u -v github.com/nsf/gocode
go get -u -v github.com/rogpeppe/godef
go get -u -v github.com/golang/lint/golint
go get -u -v github.com/lukehoban/go-find-references
go get -u -v github.com/lukehoban/go-outline
go get -u -v github.com/tpng/gopkgs
go get -u -v github.com/newhook/go-symbols
go get -u -v github.com/derekparker/delve/cmd/dlv
go get -u -v github.com/acroca/go-symbols
go get -u -v sourcegraph.com/sqs/goreturns
go get -u -v github.com/fatih/gomodifytags
go get -v -u github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql
go get -v -u github.com/alecthomas/log4go
go get -v -u github.com/lib/pq
go get -v -u github.com/go-xorm/xorm
go get -v -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
go get -v -u github.com/tommy351/gin-sessions
go get -v -u github.com/spf13/cobra
go get -v -u github.com/spf13/pflag
go get -v -u github.com/spf13/viper
go get -v -u github.com/json-iterator/go
go get -v -u github.com/gobuffalo/envy
go get -v -u github.com/jmoiron/sqlx
go get -u github.com/kataras/iris
go get -u github.com/Masterminds/sprig
GOPROXY=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/goproxy/ go get -u -v k8s.io/klog
GOPROXY=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/goproxy/ go get -v -d github.com/stamblerre/gocode
GOPROXY=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/goproxy/ go get -u -v golang.org/x/tools/gopls
# https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter
# https://github.com/mholt/archiver
# https://github.com/stretchr/testify
# https://github.com/didip/tollbooth
# https://gobuffalo.io
# https://github.com/mitchellh/gox
# https://github.com/hashicorp/serf
# https://github.com/Qsnh/goa
# https://github.com/b3log/pipe
# https://github.com/eiblog/eiblog
# https://github.com/go-resty/resty
# https://github.com/jeevatkm/go-model
编译运行
go build
构建
web框架
性能分析pprof
其他
mkdir -p quickstart/src/project
touch quickstart/src/project/main.go
touch quickstart/build.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
#CURDIR=`pwd`
echo `pwd`
source /etc/profile
echo $GOROOT
echo $GOPATH
CURDIR=$(dirname "$(readlink -fn "$0")")
#project_name="${CURDIR##*/}"
echo $CURDIR
#echo $project_name;
OLDGOPATH="$GOPATH"
export GOPATH="$CURDIR"
echo $GOPATH
#gofmt -w src
go build project
go install project
export GOPATH="$OLDGOPATH"
cd quickstart
./build.sh
workspace
It is recommend to put your source code in this structure:
gopath <-- the folder where environment variable GOPATH is set to
└─ src
├─ github.com
│ └─ saeidakbari
│ ├─ router
│ │ └─ router.go <-- package router
│ └─ project
│ └─ main.go <-- your main package
└─ others
Then you can import router package in main.go
import (
// ...others
"github.com/saeidakbari/router"
)
For more information please check https://golang.org/doc/code.html#Workspaces
参考
上次更新 2019-01-05
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