# tl;dr; * 加密算法（用于机密性） + 杂凑函数（用于完整性） + 数字签名 （用于认证和不可否认性） * 摘要不等同于加密，消息摘要算法也被称为哈希（Hash）算法或散列算法 * 杂凑函数（又称散列函数、哈希函数），哈希函数不是指某种特定的函数，而是一类函数 * 對稱密鑰加密，Symmetric-key algorithm，加密和解密使用同一个密钥，也称为单密钥加密 * 公开密钥密码学（英語：Public-key cryptography）也称非對稱式密碼學（英語：Asymmetric cryptography） * Block cipher 和 Stream Cipher 都是对称加密方法 * Keyed-hash message authentication code），又稱雜湊訊息鑑別碼（Hash-based message authentication code，縮寫為HMAC * 伪随机数生成算法，承担了密钥生成的重要职责 ```java Base64 MD5 ############################## DES(Data Encryption Standard) IDEA（International Data Encryption Algorithm） ``` ```java ssh -Q cipher cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config |grep -C2 Ciphers ``` ```java $ openssl version OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 $ openssl ciphers -V|column -t 0xC0,0x30 - ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD 0xC0,0x2C - ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD 0xC0,0x28 - ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA384 0xC0,0x24 - ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA384 0xC0,0x14 - ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 0xC0,0x0A - ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0xA5 - DH-DSS-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD 0x00,0xA3 - DHE-DSS-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD 0x00,0xA1 - DH-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD 0x00,0x9F - DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD 0x00,0x6B - DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA256 0x00,0x6A - DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA256 0x00,0x69 - DH-RSA-AES256-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA256 0x00,0x68 - DH-DSS-AES256-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA256 0x00,0x39 - DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x38 - DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x37 - DH-RSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x36 - DH-DSS-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x88 - DHE-RSA-CAMELLIA256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=Camellia(256) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x87 - DHE-DSS-CAMELLIA256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=Camellia(256) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x86 - DH-RSA-CAMELLIA256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=Camellia(256) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x85 - DH-DSS-CAMELLIA256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=Camellia(256) Mac=SHA1 0xC0,0x32 - ECDH-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD 0xC0,0x2E - ECDH-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD 0xC0,0x2A - ECDH-RSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA384 0xC0,0x26 - ECDH-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA384 0xC0,0x0F - ECDH-RSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 0xC0,0x05 - ECDH-ECDSA-AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x9D - AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(256) Mac=AEAD 0x00,0x3D - AES256-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA256 0x00,0x35 - AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x84 - CAMELLIA256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=Camellia(256) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x8D - PSK-AES256-CBC-SHA SSLv3 Kx=PSK Au=PSK Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1 0xC0,0x2F - ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD 0xC0,0x2B - ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD 0xC0,0x27 - ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 0xC0,0x23 - ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 0xC0,0x13 - ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 0xC0,0x09 - ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0xA4 - DH-DSS-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD 0x00,0xA2 - DHE-DSS-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD 0x00,0xA0 - DH-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD 0x00,0x9E - DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD 0x00,0x67 - DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 0x00,0x40 - DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 0x00,0x3F - DH-RSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 0x00,0x3E - DH-DSS-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 0x00,0x33 - DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x32 - DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x31 - DH-RSA-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x30 - DH-DSS-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x9A - DHE-RSA-SEED-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=SEED(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x99 - DHE-DSS-SEED-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=SEED(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x98 - DH-RSA-SEED-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=SEED(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x97 - DH-DSS-SEED-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=SEED(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x45 - DHE-RSA-CAMELLIA128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=Camellia(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x44 - DHE-DSS-CAMELLIA128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=Camellia(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x43 - DH-RSA-CAMELLIA128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=Camellia(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x42 - DH-DSS-CAMELLIA128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=Camellia(128) Mac=SHA1 0xC0,0x31 - ECDH-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD 0xC0,0x2D - ECDH-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD 0xC0,0x29 - ECDH-RSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 0xC0,0x25 - ECDH-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 0xC0,0x0E - ECDH-RSA-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 0xC0,0x04 - ECDH-ECDSA-AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x9C - AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AESGCM(128) Mac=AEAD 0x00,0x3C - AES128-SHA256 TLSv1.2 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA256 0x00,0x2F - AES128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x96 - SEED-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=SEED(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x41 - CAMELLIA128-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=Camellia(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x8C - PSK-AES128-CBC-SHA SSLv3 Kx=PSK Au=PSK Enc=AES(128) Mac=SHA1 0xC0,0x12 - ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 0xC0,0x08 - ECDHE-ECDSA-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x16 - EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=RSA Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x13 - EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH Au=DSS Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x10 - DH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/RSA Au=DH Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x0D - DH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=DH/DSS Au=DH Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 0xC0,0x0D - ECDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 0xC0,0x03 - ECDH-ECDSA-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x0A - DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x07 - IDEA-CBC-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=IDEA(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x8B - PSK-3DES-EDE-CBC-SHA SSLv3 Kx=PSK Au=PSK Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x21 - KRB5-IDEA-CBC-SHA SSLv3 Kx=KRB5 Au=KRB5 Enc=IDEA(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x1F - KRB5-DES-CBC3-SHA SSLv3 Kx=KRB5 Au=KRB5 Enc=3DES(168) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x25 - KRB5-IDEA-CBC-MD5 SSLv3 Kx=KRB5 Au=KRB5 Enc=IDEA(128) Mac=MD5 0x00,0x23 - KRB5-DES-CBC3-MD5 SSLv3 Kx=KRB5 Au=KRB5 Enc=3DES(168) Mac=MD5 0xC0,0x11 - ECDHE-RSA-RC4-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=RSA Enc=RC4(128) Mac=SHA1 0xC0,0x07 - ECDHE-ECDSA-RC4-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH Au=ECDSA Enc=RC4(128) Mac=SHA1 0xC0,0x0C - ECDH-RSA-RC4-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/RSA Au=ECDH Enc=RC4(128) Mac=SHA1 0xC0,0x02 - ECDH-ECDSA-RC4-SHA SSLv3 Kx=ECDH/ECDSA Au=ECDH Enc=RC4(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x05 - RC4-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=RC4(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x04 - RC4-MD5 SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=RC4(128) Mac=MD5 0x00,0x8A - PSK-RC4-SHA SSLv3 Kx=PSK Au=PSK Enc=RC4(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x20 - KRB5-RC4-SHA SSLv3 Kx=KRB5 Au=KRB5 Enc=RC4(128) Mac=SHA1 0x00,0x24 - KRB5-RC4-MD5 SSLv3 Kx=KRB5 Au=KRB5 Enc=RC4(128) Mac=MD5 ``` # ref * [Hash function - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function) * [公开密钥加密 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%80%E5%AF%86%E9%92%A5%E5%8A%A0%E5%AF%86) * [分类:分组密码 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:%E5%88%86%E7%BB%84%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81) * [散列函数 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E5%88%97%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8) * [Java Cryptography Architecture (JCA) Reference Guide](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/crypto/CryptoSpec.html) * [Cryptographic hash function - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function) * [How do you find the preimage of a hash? - Cryptography Stack Exchange](https://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/51708/how-do-you-find-the-preimage-of-a-hash) * [对称加密算法和分组密码的模式 - 简书](https://www.jianshu.com/p/b63095c59361) * [密码学—密码算法与协议 | 独木舟的木](https://andy0570.com/2018/12/04/%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%AD%A6%E2%80%94%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8E%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE/)